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An international team of researchers provided evidence that dairying arrived in Mongolia as early as 1300 BC via cultural transmission instead of population replacement or migration.
The study published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences revealed the origins of pastoralism in East Asian steppe Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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, starting more than 2,000 years before Ghengis Khan, who founded the first Mongolian Empire in early 13th century.
The researchers led by the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History found that cattle, sheep and goats that were milked then were not native to the region Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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, but likely introduced by Western Steppe herders. However, ancient DNA evidence from Bronze Age Mongolians indicated minimal genetic contributions from those western herders.
The findings suggested that livestock and dairying technologies were transferred by cultural processes rather than a major population migration.
Researchers analyzed human remains from six sites in northern Mongolia associated with the Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex, the earliest culture associated archaeologically with pastoralism in Mongolia.
They conducted genome-wide analyses on 22 Bronze Age individuals, whose remains were radiocarbon dated to 1300 to 900 BC.
The results showed that these Bronze Age Mongolians were genetically distinct from Western steppe herders of the same time period.
The researchers also analyzed the dental calculus of nine individuals. Milk proteins were found in the calculus of seven individuals Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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, confirming that dairy products were consumed as early as 1300 BC.
Both whey and curd proteins were recovered, and could be identified as coming from sheep, goats and cattle, according to the study.
Specifically Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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, they found that none of the individuals was genetically capable of digesting the milk sugar lactose.
By comparison, most Mongolians today are also not lactase-persistent, despite consuming a large proportion of their diet as dairy products.
"The 3,000-year legacy of dairy pastoralism in Mongolia poses challenging questions to grand narratives of human adaptation and natural selection Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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," said the paper's senior author Christina Warinner from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
"As a non-lactase persistent dairying society with a rich prehistory, Mongolia can serve as a model for understanding how other adaptations, such as cultural practices or microbiome alterations, may be involved in enabling and maintaining dairy-based cuisines around the world Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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," said Warinner.
Wind Shield-An Overview Business Articles | March 5, 2012
The front window of car, motorcycle or any other vehicle is known as wind shield. Wind shield is also known as wind screen. It is used to prevent the riders from air and it also prevents riders from different kind of debris like, stones Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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, insects etc. Some modern wind shields are also available in the market that helps you to prevent your selves from dangerous ultraviolet rays.
The front window of car, motorcycle or any other vehicle is known as wind shield. Wind shield is also known as wind screen. It is used to prevent the riders from air and it also prevents riders from different kind of debris like, stones, insects etc. Some modern wind shields are also available in the market that helps you to prevent your selves from dangerous ultraviolet rays. For this purpose UV coat applied on wind shield glass. A wind shield allows you to have a clear view of traffic and road. In early days the wind shield glass is made by common glass but nowadays wind shields are made from a glass named laminated glass. It is a strong and durable glass. A wind shield for car is made with the two layers of laminated glass and then a coat of vinyl is applied on these layers. The biggest advantage of laminated glass is that in case of accident Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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, the glass will breaks into very small pieces instead of breaking into large edgy pieces that common glass do.
Some bike riders also use wind shields, but in bike the main purpose of wind shield is bit different from car wind shield because in bike wind shield is only used to prevent the rider from wind but it would not protect the rider from different debris. On bike wind shield also provide safety to rider and it also increase the performance of your vehicle. Wind shields for bikes design in a way that they prevent the rider from direct air flow.Wind shields of bikes are made by a material named acrylic plastic. Acrylic plastic is a very light weight and strong material. Its weight is round about half less than that of common glass. Acrylic plastic is a highly transparent material. Nowadays some electrically controllable wind shields for bikes are also available in the market.
In order to facilitate cleanliness of your wind shield you should have to wash it at least one time in a week. Always use good quality wind shield wiper fluid. Actually the wind shield wiper fluid is the mixture of different solvents and water which helps in cleaning of your wind shield. Make sure that the fluid you are using for your wind shield is of good quality and it has the ability to protect your wind shield glass from different kind of environments and it has the ability to clear snow, grease and different kind of materials. A clean wind shield not only enhances the out look of your vehicle but it also prevents your wind shield glass from cracks and scratches. If your wind shield glass has any crack then instantly call a professional in order to get assistance about your problem. You also have an option to fill crack by your self but it is highly recommended that, get the assistance of any professional. A new wind shield costs about 250$ to 550$. The cost of a wind shield depe. Solo gli utenti registrati possono vedere i link!
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